Houpt K, Zgoda J C, Stahlbaum C C
Am J Vet Res. 1984 Aug;45(8):1501-3.
Twelve taste repellents and 3 oral emetics were tested. The taste repellents were capsaicin, capsicum, oleoresin, sucrose octaacetate, quinine tonic, quassia wood extract, vanillamide, horseradish extract, caffeine, pepperoni enhancer, acorn extract, and commercially available bitter and hot flavors. The emetics tested were: antimony potassium tartrate, apomorphine, and copper sulfate. Intake of a 20% sucrose solution by Beagles was significantly depressed by addition of vanillamide at concentrations greater than 0.001%, by capsicum and capsaicin at concentrations greater than 0.01%, and by horseradish extract, pepperoni enhancer, and a commercially available hot flavor at concentrations greater than 0.1%. Antimony potassium tartrate, when added to the 20% sucrose solution at a concentration of 0.1%, produced emesis as did apomorphine at a concentration of 0.005% and copper sulfate at 1%. When the emetic antimony potassium tartrate was combined with vanillamide in a 20% sucrose solution, intake was reduced to less than 20 ml, and vomiting occurred within 15 minutes. Capsaicin (0.02%) inhibited intake of ethylene glycol to less than the lethal dose in 5 dogs tested. Incorporation of such taste repellents and/or emetics into potentially poisonous substances would reduce accidental poisoning of animals and children.
对12种味觉驱避剂和3种催吐剂进行了测试。味觉驱避剂有辣椒素、辣椒、辣椒油树脂、蔗糖八乙酸酯、奎宁滋补剂、苦木提取物、香草酰胺、辣根提取物、咖啡因、意大利辣香肠增强剂、橡子提取物以及市售的苦味和辣味调味剂。所测试的催吐剂为：酒石酸锑钾、阿扑吗啡和硫酸铜。当浓度大于0.001%的香草酰胺、大于0.01%的辣椒和辣椒素、大于0.1%的辣根提取物、意大利辣香肠增强剂以及市售辣味调味剂添加到比格犬的20%蔗糖溶液中时，蔗糖溶液的摄入量显著降低。当酒石酸锑钾以0.1%的浓度添加到20%蔗糖溶液中时，会引起呕吐，浓度为0.005%的阿扑吗啡和1%的硫酸铜也会引起呕吐。当催吐剂酒石酸锑钾与香草酰胺在20%蔗糖溶液中混合时，摄入量减少到不足20毫升，且在15分钟内发生呕吐。在5只受试犬中，0.02%的辣椒素抑制乙二醇的摄入量至低于致死剂量。将此类味觉驱避剂和/或催吐剂添加到潜在有毒物质中，可减少动物和儿童的意外中毒。
