Bloomfield D A
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1978;4(1):1-14. doi: 10.1002/ccd.1810040102.
An international survey of nonsurgical retrieval of intracardiac foreign bodies provided data on 180 published and unpublished cases. The data was analyzed to evaluate the respective merits and drawbacks of the 3 basic retrieval techniques, the snare, the wire basket, and the endoscopy forceps, the routes and methods of insertion, the success rate, and the complications. Eighty percent of foreign bodies were polyethylene central venous pressure catheters, cut in two by the needle introducer. The site of lodgement of these fragments was predictable and determined by the site of entry and length of the fragment. The basic retrieval instruments and their modifications are described. Operating instructions are detailed together with adjunct methods of repositioning fragments for easier retrieval. Factors associated with the small percentage of unsuccessful retrieval attempts include fragments totally in the distal pulmonary artery, extravascular lodging sites, chronically-implanted fragments, and pacemaker-catheter fragments. For the vast majority of cases, however, these simple and uncomplicated techniques have been highly successful and widely utilized in the nonsurgical retrieval of intracardiac foreign bodies.
一项关于心内异物非手术取出的国际调查提供了180例已发表和未发表病例的数据。对这些数据进行分析，以评估三种基本取出技术（圈套器、金属丝篮和内镜钳）各自的优缺点、插入途径和方法、成功率及并发症。80%的异物是被穿刺针切断的聚乙烯中心静脉压导管。这些碎片的存留部位是可预测的，由碎片的进入部位和长度决定。文中描述了基本的取出器械及其改良方法。详细说明了操作指南以及重新定位碎片以便更易取出的辅助方法。取出尝试未成功比例较小的相关因素包括碎片完全位于肺动脉远端、血管外存留部位、长期植入的碎片以及起搏器导管碎片。然而，对于绝大多数病例而言，这些简单且不复杂的技术在非手术取出心内异物方面已取得了很高的成功率并得到广泛应用。
