The distribution and synaptic organization of serotoninergic elements in the inferior olivary complex of the opossum.

Immunohistochemistry and high-resolution autoradiography were used to analyze the distribution and synaptic organization of serotonin (5HT) - containing elements in the inferior olivary complex of the opossum. Immunoreactive beaded varicosities are present throughout the olivary complex. The densest 5HT immunostaining is present in subnucleus b of the caudal medial accessory nucleus. The rostral principal olive is sparsely populated with immunoreactive elements. Fine beaded fibers arborize throughout the neuropil of all the olivary nuclei except in subnucleus b of the caudal medial accessory nucleus where they also circumscribe neuronal cell bodies. In addition, a distinct population of large beaded fibers are occasionally encountered in the neuropil of the medial accessory nucleus. Ultrastructurally, labeled profiles that correspond in size to the smaller beads (less than 1 micron) contain tubulovesicular elements, large dense-cored vesicles, and clear vesicles. In contrast, larger profiles (greater than 2 microns) are characterized by numerous clear synaptic vesicles. Synaptic junctions were encountered in only 2% of the labeled elements. The majority of the labeled profiles were in juxtaposition to small-diameter dendrites (less than 2 microns) except in the caudal medial accessory nucleus, where they also were found in apposition to olivary cell bodies. Our results, when compared with other accounts, indicate that rather than major differences in the nuclear distribution of serotonin between species, there are differences in the density of serotoninergic elements in specific nuclei of the mammalian inferior olive. Based on the size of the labeled profiles and the distinct vesicle populations, our data suggest there are at least two populations of 5HT varicosities that are in juxtaposition to olivary neurons. Further, boutons containing 5HT primarily interact with the distal dendrites of olivary neurons except in the caudal medial accessory nucleus where cell bodies are in apposition to 5HT varicosities.