Neuromuscular relationships during claw regeneration in Californian snapping shrimp.

We have examined the innervation patterns of the two excitor axons to the closer muscle in the dimorphic (snapper and pincer) claws of Californian snapping shrimp (Alpheus californiensis). In both claws the fast-closer excitor (FCE) axon supplies all of the closer muscle fibers. The slow-closer excitor (SCE) axon, however, makes functional connections only with fibers on the dorsal and ventral margins, which are composed of slow-type fibers in the large snapper claw and of intermediate-type fibers in the smaller pincer claw. The central band of fast fibers in the pincer closer muscle is not innervated by the SCE. During claw regeneration, the closer muscle is initially composed of a population of fast fibers in the pincer and intermediate-type fibers in the snapper. The innervation patterns of the two excitatory motor axons in regenerating claws at this stage are the same as in fully developed claws. During the first intermolt period some fast-closer muscle fibers in the pincer claw differentiate into intermediate-type fibers, but the axon innervation patterns do not change. If the correlation between SCE axon innervation pattern and the regional distribution of different muscle fiber types is indicative of nerve-muscle interactions, the present data suggest that the trophic influence must proceed from nerve to muscle.