Ventriculoperitoneal shunts in high risk newborns weighing under 2000 grams: a clinical report.

Fifty-three low birth weight high risk newborns who developed progressive hydrocephalus despite a trial period of intermittent lumbar punctures underwent cribside ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. They all weighed less than 2000 g at the time of shunting (mean, 1308.6 g +/- 398.2 SD). The operative procedures were performed at a mean age of 31.5 days +/- 16.1 (SD). There were no deaths in this series. During the nursery stay, 14 patients required operative revisions for obstruction. The most common problem was infection, which occurred in 13 (24.5%) after the primary intervention and in another 5 of the 14 (35.7%) patients who required revision. The overall infection rate/patient was 26.9%. Shunt removal and intensive antibiotic therapy cured the infection in all but 1 patient. Premature, low birth weight newborns may undergo ventriculoperitoneal shunting, but close follow-up for complications such as infection and shunt obstruction is always required.