Godwin J T, Hanash K
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1984;162A:95-143.
Retrospective review of bladder carcinoma at this institution has revealed a high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma associated with bilharzia infection as has been found in other Mideast and African countries. Associated inflammatory and epithelial metaplastic changes were commonly noted and apparently represent early changes in the development of carcinoma, particularly in view of the progression from squamous metaplasia to in situ and infiltrating carcinoma observed in both bladder and ureter. The relationship between bilharzia infection and the development of bladder carcinoma has been postulated to be related to several factors; however, as yet the specific etiologic relationship and pathogenesis have not been defined.
对该机构膀胱癌的回顾性研究发现，与中东和非洲其他国家一样，血吸虫感染相关的鳞状细胞癌发病率很高。常见相关的炎症和上皮化生改变，显然代表了癌发展的早期变化，特别是考虑到在膀胱和输尿管中观察到从鳞状化生发展为原位癌和浸润性癌。血吸虫感染与膀胱癌发生之间的关系被认为与多种因素有关；然而，具体的病因关系和发病机制尚未明确。
