Sachs B D, Glater G B, O'Hanlon J K
Anat Rec. 1984 Sep;210(1):45-52. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092100108.
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to compare erect and nonerect penile glandes of gonadally intact Norway rats (group I) and of castrated rats exposed to the following hormonal conditions: maintained with testosterone (T)-filled Silastic capsules implanted subcutaneously (group T); maintained with implants of estradiol (E) for 8 or 12 days (group E1); maintained with E implants for 10 weeks (group E10); maintained with E implants for 9 weeks, then injected daily with testosterone propionate for 8 or 17 days (group E/T). As in previous SEM depictions of nonerect glandes of intact rats, spines projected toward the base of the glans at a shallow angle from the sulci of deep epithelial folds. In contrast, the folds on erect glandes of groups I and T were completely smoothed, and the spines were themselves erected. The penile cup formed at the distal end of the erect glans also contained spines; these were centrifugally directed at the rim and centripetally directed on the inner surface of the cup. The glandes of group E1 males were similar to those in groups I and T, with the spines showing no disorientation. Males in group E10 lacked spines in the cup and along most of the shaft of the glans, but erection revealed many sharp spines just proximal to the cup and on its rim. In group E/T, no papillae were detectable on the nonerect glandes, but erection revealed many small rounded papillae on the shaft and within the cup. The erection of the spines that occurs on the shaft and in the cup of the erect glans may facilitate previously proposed functions of the spines, including vaginal and cervical stimulation and removal of the copulatory plug. Our perfusion method may also facilitate estimation of the number, size, distribution, and hormonal sensitivity of penile papillae.
利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）比较性腺完整的挪威大鼠（第一组）以及处于以下激素条件下的去势大鼠的勃起和未勃起阴茎龟头：皮下植入填充睾酮（T）的硅橡胶胶囊维持原状（T组）；用雌二醇（E）植入物维持8天或12天（E1组）；用E植入物维持10周（E10组）；用E植入物维持9周，然后每天注射丙酸睾酮8天或17天（E/T组）。正如之前对完整大鼠未勃起龟头的SEM描绘那样，棘从深层上皮褶皱的沟处以浅角度向龟头基部突出。相比之下，第一组和T组勃起龟头的褶皱完全变平，棘本身也竖起来了。勃起龟头远端形成的阴茎杯也含有棘；这些棘在杯边缘呈离心方向，在杯内表面呈向心方向。E1组雄性的龟头与第一组和T组相似，棘没有出现方向错乱。E10组雄性在杯部以及龟头大部分轴上没有棘，但勃起时在杯部近端及其边缘显示出许多尖锐的棘。在E/T组中，未勃起的龟头上检测不到乳头，但勃起时在阴茎轴和杯内显示出许多小的圆形乳头。勃起龟头上阴茎轴和杯部出现的棘的勃起可能有助于之前提出的棘的功能，包括刺激阴道和宫颈以及移除交配栓。我们的灌注方法也可能有助于估计阴茎乳头的数量、大小、分布和激素敏感性。
