Brismar B, Dahlgren B E, Larsson J
Ann Emerg Med. 1984 Nov;13(11):1037-9. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(84)80065-7.
Data concerning ambulance utilization in a rural and an urban region were registered in a computer. In both regions approximately 30% of missions were emergencies. In the urban area, 20% of the emergency missions were due to trauma, compared with 10% in the rural area (P less than .01). The major symptoms were unconsciousness (34%) and shortness of breath (24%) in the rural region, while in the urban region pain (32%) was the dominating symptom. The response time in emergency missions, used as a measure of the service level of the emergency medical system, was shorter in the urban area than in the rural area (P less than .01): less than 15 minutes in 93% of emergencies in the urban area (mean time, 8.1 minutes) and in 78% of emergencies in the rural area (mean time, 10.2 minutes). Ambulance utilization was higher (P less than .01) in the urban region (0.37 missions/ambulance/hour) than in the rural region (0.22 missions/ambulance/hour). The study indicates that there are great differences between urban and rural areas with respect to the incidence and character of ambulance missions. This difference must be considered when analyzing the cost effectiveness of emergency medical services.
有关农村和城市地区救护车使用情况的数据被录入计算机。在这两个地区，约30%的任务属于紧急情况。在城市地区，20%的紧急任务是由创伤引起的，而农村地区这一比例为10%（P小于0.01）。农村地区的主要症状是意识丧失（34%）和呼吸急促（24%），而在城市地区，疼痛（32%）是主要症状。作为衡量紧急医疗系统服务水平的指标，紧急任务的响应时间在城市地区比农村地区短（P小于0.01）：城市地区93%的紧急情况响应时间少于15分钟（平均时间为8.1分钟），农村地区这一比例为78%（平均时间为10.2分钟）。城市地区的救护车使用率（P小于0.01）高于农村地区（城市地区为0.37次任务/救护车/小时，农村地区为0.22次任务/救护车/小时）。该研究表明，城乡地区在救护车任务的发生率和特点方面存在很大差异。在分析紧急医疗服务的成本效益时，必须考虑这种差异。
