Smith J A, Lee R G, Dixon J A
J Surg Oncol. 1984 Nov;27(3):168-71. doi: 10.1002/jso.2930270308.
Although the entire ureter and renal collecting system are accessible for endoscopic treatment with a neodymium:YAG, (Nd:YAG) laser, specifications for safe laser application within the ureter are not established. After various doses of Nd:YAG laser energy were delivered, the midureters of six mongrel dogs were studied to determine tissue effects. Doses which are appropriate within the bladder (35 watts X 2 seconds) resulted in perforation and urine leak from the ureters. Higher doses (60-65 watts) of short duration were tolerated without problems and nonstrictured healing ensued. Further studies are necessary before Nd:YAG laser treatment of mid-ureteral tumors is recommended.
钇铝石榴石（Nd：YAG）激光进行内镜治疗，但输尿管内安全应用激光的规范尚未确立。在输送不同剂量的Nd：YAG激光能量后，对6只杂种犬的输尿管中段进行研究以确定组织效应。在膀胱内合适的剂量（35瓦×2秒）会导致输尿管穿孔和尿液渗漏。较短时间的更高剂量（60 - 65瓦）可被耐受且无问题，随后愈合无狭窄。在推荐对输尿管中段肿瘤进行Nd：YAG激光治疗之前，还需要进一步研究。
