Duncklee J E
Nurse Pract. 1984 Sep;9(9):15, 17-8, 21 passim.
Congestive heart failure is a serious pathological heart state which is manifested by cardiorespiratory signs and symptoms. It is present in the chronic state in many elderly people and in those with previously damaged hearts. An understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of congestive heart failure along with the factors predisposing the elderly to congestive heart failure aids in the initial diagnosis and treatment. Management of the patient with chronic congestive heart failure and prevention of acute congestive heart failure requires very close followup and assessment of the patient for early signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Active involvement of the patient in the care plan along with ongoing education and counseling is essential for good management.
充血性心力衰竭是一种严重的病理性心脏状态，表现为心肺体征和症状。在许多老年人以及既往有心脏损害的人群中，充血性心力衰竭以慢性状态存在。了解充血性心力衰竭的病理生理学、病因以及导致老年人易患充血性心力衰竭的因素，有助于进行初步诊断和治疗。对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者的管理以及预防急性充血性心力衰竭，需要对患者进行非常密切的随访和评估，以发现充血性心力衰竭的早期体征和症状。患者积极参与护理计划并持续接受教育和咨询，对于良好的管理至关重要。
