The auditory neurophonic: basic properties.

In anesthetized cats an AC signal or neurophonic can be recorded from the auditory nerve and from the scalp when the cochlea is stimulated with low frequency tones. This study examines some of the basic properties of the auditory neurophonics. The auditory nerve signal, termed the auditory nerve neurophonic (ANN), was differentially recorded with a pair of platinum-iridium ball electrodes placed on either side of the auditory nerve as it exits the internal meatus. The signal recorded from the scalp, termed the frequency following response (FFR), was recorded with silver wire. For purposes of comparison the round window-recorded cochlear microphonic was also examined under identical stimulus conditions. Several measures of the response to acoustic stimulation were taken for each recording configuration. Among these were total response amplitude as a function of stimulus level, spectral component amplitude and phase as a function of stimulus level, fundamental component amplitude as a function of stimulus frequency, response amplitude as a function of time after stimulus onset, response amplitude as a function of forward masker intensity. By all these measures the neurophonic responses are signals that are distinct from the CM and share many of the properties of single units in the auditory nerve. In addition, micro-injections of kainic acid into the cochlear nucleus leave these responses largely unaffected, while tetrodotoxin injections into the cochlea greatly diminish both neurophonic responses, while leaving the CM largely intact. From these results, we conclude that at stimulus levels below 90 dB SPL the ANN is almost entirely neural in origin, while the FFR is certainly largely neural, that is, that both responses are quite distinct from the CM. We also conclude that they represent a spatial summation of neural activity in the auditory nerve, probably arising from the phase-locked response of single units to low frequency stimuli. In addition to demonstrating that the neurophonics are neural responses, we have begun the process of relating their properties to the distributed phase-locked activity in the auditory nerve.