Lin C Y, McAllister A J, Batra T R, Lee A J, Roy G L, Vesely J A, Wauthy J M, Winter K A
J Dairy Sci. 1984 Oct;67(10):2420-8. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81590-8.
Data of 2779 purebred and crossbred heifers collected from five research stations of Agriculture Canada were used to study additive and nonadditive genetic effects on ages at first heat and at first breeding and conception rate at first service. Of these heifers, 2378 heifers had information on ages at first conception and at first freshening, days from first service to conception, and gestation length. The model included station, year of birth, sire, breed additive, maternal, and heterosis effects where sire effects were treated as random. Station differences were a significant source of variation for all reproductive traits. Year of birth had significant effects on four of seven reproductive traits. Breed additive effects for all genetic groups were not significant except for Finnish Ayrshire and American Holstein. No significant maternal effects were detected. Of 21 combinations of heterosis effects, six combinations showed significance. Partial regression coefficients ranged from negative to positive, suggesting that breed additive, maternal, and heterosis effects could increase or decrease for each percent increase of genetic contribution, depending upon the trait, breed group, and type of inheritance.
从加拿大农业的五个研究站收集的2779头纯种和杂交小母牛的数据，用于研究首次发情年龄、首次配种年龄和首次输精受胎率的加性和非加性遗传效应。在这些小母牛中，2378头小母牛有首次受孕年龄、首次产犊年龄、首次输精到受孕天数以及妊娠期长度的相关信息。模型包括研究站、出生年份、父系、品种加性、母体和杂种优势效应，其中父系效应被视为随机效应。研究站差异是所有繁殖性状变异的一个重要来源。出生年份对七个繁殖性状中的四个有显著影响。除芬兰艾尔夏牛和美国荷斯坦牛外，所有遗传群体的品种加性效应均不显著。未检测到显著的母体效应。在21种杂种优势效应组合中，有六种组合表现出显著性。偏回归系数从负到正不等，这表明，根据性状、品种组和遗传类型，遗传贡献率每增加1%，品种加性、母体和杂种优势效应可能会增加或减少。
