Bordage G, Zacks R
Med Educ. 1984 Nov;18(6):406-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01295.x.
According to recent research on categorization, knowledge of a given category is structured in memory around key cases or clear examples, referred to as the prototypes, which capture the core meaning of the category. The purpose of this study was to establish a converging sequence of evidence concerning the internal structure of fourteen broad categories of medical disorders as stored in the long-term memories of pre-clinical medical students and experienced doctors. It was shown that the mental representation of the categories was better described by the overlapping features of the prototype view of categorization than the criterial features of the classical view. It is argued that the prototype view may help facilitate the understanding of the learning and problem-solving process in medicine.
根据最近关于分类的研究，特定类别的知识在记忆中围绕关键案例或清晰示例构建，这些被称为原型，它们捕捉了该类别的核心意义。本研究的目的是建立一系列相互印证的证据，以说明临床前医学生和经验丰富的医生长期记忆中存储的十四大类医学疾病的内部结构。结果表明，与经典观点的标准特征相比，分类的原型观点的重叠特征能更好地描述这些类别的心理表征。有人认为，原型观点可能有助于促进对医学学习和解决问题过程的理解。
