Bergström S S, Gustafsson K A, Putaansuu J
Perception. 1984;13(2):129-40. doi: 10.1068/p130129.
A homogeneous grey picture and a 'Mondrian' type of picture were illuminated by a projector with square-wave gratings of thirty different contrast values used as slides. Ten observers reported whether the picture appeared three-dimensional (3-D) (pleated) or flat. 3-D responses in this situation indicate colour constancy 'at the cost of' nonveridical depth perception. The frequencies of 3-D responses were significantly higher for the structured picture than for the homogeneous grey one. In reports of the direction from which the apparent 3-D object appeared to be illuminated there was a significant preference for responses "from above" when the grating was horizontally oriented. With vertical orientation there was no preference for "from the left" or "from the right". The results from the first experiment contradict traditional cue theories of depth perception since the projection of the borders between the fields of the structured picture was invariant and expected to inform about the flatness of the picture. They are, however, in line with a model for perceptual analysis of reflected light into common and relative components proposed earlier by Bergström. The difference in perceived direction of illumination between horizontally and vertically orientated gratings is discussed in connection with human ecology.
用一台投影仪照亮一幅均匀的灰色图片和一幅“蒙德里安”风格的图片，投影仪使用三十种不同对比度值的方波光栅作为幻灯片。十名观察者报告图片看起来是三维的（有褶皱的）还是平面的。在这种情况下的三维反应表明颜色恒常性是以非真实的深度感知为“代价”的。结构化图片的三维反应频率显著高于均匀灰色图片。在关于表观三维物体似乎被照亮的方向的报告中，当光栅水平定向时，对“从上方”的反应有显著偏好。当垂直定向时，对“从左边”或“从右边”没有偏好。第一个实验的结果与传统的深度感知线索理论相矛盾，因为结构化图片各区域之间边界的投影是不变的，并且预计会显示图片的平面性。然而，它们与伯格斯特龙早些时候提出的将反射光感知分析为共同和相对成分的模型是一致的。结合人类生态学讨论了水平和垂直定向光栅之间在感知照明方向上的差异。
