Bremner J G, Knowles L S
Perception. 1984;13(3):307-14. doi: 10.1068/p130307.
Previous work has shown that infants make the Piagetian stage IV error when the object is covered by a transparent occluder. However, it is not clear whether this happens because nine-month-old infants' failure to understand the identity of hidden objects extends to visible objects, or whether they are puzzled by object relationships involving transparency. Nine-month-old infants were presented with one of three different stage IV tasks in which the object was visible and uncovered at the second location. Stage IV errors were obtained with the object visible, but only when a covered place was provided at the first location. It is concluded that this result is stronger evidence that the stage IV error is not simply a hidden-object phenomenon, and that it may be best explained by taking account of infants' functional place knowledge, as well as their knowledge of object identity.
先前的研究表明，当物体被透明遮挡物覆盖时，婴儿会出现皮亚杰第四阶段的错误。然而，目前尚不清楚这种情况的发生是因为九个月大的婴儿未能理解隐藏物体的恒常性延伸到了可见物体上，还是因为他们对涉及透明度的物体关系感到困惑。研究人员让九个月大的婴儿参与三种不同的第四阶段任务中的一种，在这些任务中，物体在第二个位置是可见且未被遮挡的。当物体可见时会出现第四阶段的错误，但只有在第一个位置提供了一个被覆盖的地方时才会出现。研究得出的结论是，这一结果更有力地证明了第四阶段的错误不仅仅是一种隐藏物体的现象，而且考虑到婴儿的功能性位置知识以及他们对物体恒常性的知识，可能对此能做出最好的解释。
