Pipp S, Haith M M
J Exp Child Psychol. 1984 Dec;38(3):373-99. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(84)90083-3.
Visual fixations were recorded in newborn, 4-, and 8-week old human infants as they scanned displays that varied along several dimensions. These displays were designed to evaluate four metrics that have been theorized to control infant visual preference: Contour length, size, number, and a new metric, CVAL, based on Contour Variability, Amount, and Location. This latter metric reflects characteristics of the visual system that other metrics ignore. Both contour length and CVAL separately accounted for approximately 95% of looking-duration variance, a much larger portion than the other metrics considered; however, CVAL accounted for more looking variance than contour length when the number of lines and contour length were deconfounded, and uniquely accommodated a large orientation effect. Finally, several predictions were confirmed about characteristics of visual scanning. Retinal structure and natural scanning dispositions should be considered in accounts of infants' reactions to visual stimuli.
当新生儿、4周龄和8周龄的人类婴儿扫描在多个维度上变化的显示器时，记录他们的视觉注视情况。这些显示器旨在评估四种理论上可控制婴儿视觉偏好的指标：轮廓长度、大小、数量，以及一种基于轮廓变异性、数量和位置的新指标CVAL。后一种指标反映了其他指标所忽略的视觉系统特征。轮廓长度和CVAL分别约占注视持续时间方差的95%，这一比其他考虑的指标所占比例要大得多；然而，当线条数量和轮廓长度被区分开时，CVAL比轮廓长度解释了更多的注视方差，并且独特地适应了较大的方向效应。最后，关于视觉扫描特征的几个预测得到了证实。在解释婴儿对视觉刺激的反应时，应考虑视网膜结构和自然扫描倾向。
