The role of urinary physiological changes in the genesis of urothelial lesions in mice given 4-ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide, acetazolamide, and oxamide.

BALB/c female mice were administered several compounds, including 4-ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide, acetazolamide, and oxamide, in the diet for six weeks. Fresh urine samples were analyzed three times per week for pH, osmolality, micro-crystals, and protein; and a histopathological evaluation was made of the urothelium at the end of the six weeks test. Incidences of hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, vacuolization, ulceration and acute inflammation of the bladder urothelium appeared to be related to the osmolality of the urine and the micro-crystalluria experienced by the mice. Correlation coefficients between lesions and urinary osmolality or crystals were -0.69 (p less than 0.0001) and 0.31 (p less than 0.03), respectively, at the 5% significance level.