Perkash I, O'Neill H, Politi-Meeks D, Beets C L
Paraplegia. 1984 Dec;22(6):358-65. doi: 10.1038/sc.1984.58.
A new wheelchair seat cushion has been developed which reduces the ischaemia producing forces and redistributes them to the more tolerant areas of the posterior thighs and lateral gluteal muscles. The cushion is fabricated of foam materials and designed to stabilise the pelvis and promote proper spinal-pelvic alignment. Pressure measurements were recorded at the skin cushion interface for 66 subjects while seated on the cushion in their own wheelchair. The cushion was considered effective if maximum interface pressures recorded were: coccyx: less than 20 mmHg, ischii: less than 65 mmHg, trochanters: less than 70 mmHg, and posterior thighs: less than 80 mmHg. The cushion was considered ineffective if the interface pressure at any one location exceeded these criteria. The cushion was found effective for 52 of the subjects. The cushion was more effective (90 per cent versus 58 per cent) for subjects without certain skeletal deformities (pelvic obliquity, bony resections). Eighty-three per cent of the respondents who were followed on the cushion reported that they preferred the cushion to their previous cushions with improved posture, balance and comfort being the most commonly cited reasons. This study has shown the cushion to be a preferred alternative to other commercially available wheelchair cushions for those who are paraplegic.
一种新型轮椅座垫已被研发出来，它能减少产生局部缺血的力量，并将这些力量重新分配到大腿后侧和臀外侧肌肉中更能耐受的区域。该座垫由泡沫材料制成，旨在稳定骨盆并促进脊柱与骨盆的正确对齐。在66名受试者坐在自己轮椅上的座垫上时，记录了皮肤与座垫界面处的压力测量值。如果记录的最大界面压力为：尾骨：小于20毫米汞柱，坐骨：小于65毫米汞柱，大转子：小于70毫米汞柱，以及大腿后侧：小于80毫米汞柱，则该座垫被认为是有效的。如果任何一个位置的界面压力超过这些标准，则该座垫被认为是无效的。结果发现该座垫对52名受试者有效。对于没有某些骨骼畸形（骨盆倾斜、骨切除）的受试者，该座垫更有效（90%对58%）。使用该座垫的受访者中有83%表示，与之前的座垫相比，他们更喜欢这款座垫，姿势改善、平衡感增强和舒适度提高是最常被提及的原因。这项研究表明，对于截瘫患者来说，这款座垫是比其他市售轮椅座垫更优的选择。
