Gabbard C, Miller G, Thiebaud R
Percept Mot Skills. 1984 Dec;59(3):893-94. doi: 10.2466/pms.1984.59.3.893.
39 children 4 to 8 yr. of age were filmed while ascending and descending ladders positioned at 90, 67, 40, 24, 14, and 0 degree from horizontal. Analysis indicated that the greatest range of motion, i.e., variability, took place at angles of 90, 67, and 40 degrees, and at each angle the deviation was from dorsito plantar flexion. While results showed that at each angle more dorsiflexion was exhibited ascending than descending, minimal plantar flexion was noted so most movement occurred in the dorsiflexion range. The greatest deviation (and near maximal movement) was in dorsiflexion at the horizontal (0 degree) position. Implications for design of play apparatus were presented.
对39名4至8岁的儿童在攀爬和下爬与水平方向呈90度、67度、40度、24度、14度和0度角的梯子时进行了拍摄。分析表明，最大的运动范围，即变异性，发生在90度、67度和40度角处，并且在每个角度，偏差均为从背屈到跖屈。虽然结果显示在每个角度攀爬时的背屈都比下爬时更多，但跖屈最小，因此大多数运动发生在背屈范围内。最大偏差（以及接近最大运动）出现在水平（0度）位置的背屈中。文中还提出了对游乐设施设计的启示。
