Mårdh P
Sex Transm Dis. 1984 Oct-Dec;11(4 Suppl):428-9.
The etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease is multifactorial, and the pattern of organisms most frequently causing the condition fluctuates. For example, tuberculous salpingitis has gradually become a rarity in many areas, and cases of nongonococcal salpingitis have started to outnumber those of gonococcal salpingitis. Chlamydia trachomatis now causes more cases than Neisseria gonorrhoeae in many regions. Mycoplasma hominis is another (often overlooked) etiologic agent infection in the upper genital tract of women. Pelvic inflammatory disease due to anaerobic microorganisms seems to occur more frequently in some areas (i.e., the United States) than in others (i.e., Europe).
急性盆腔炎的病因是多因素的，最常导致该病的病原体模式会有所波动。例如，结核性输卵管炎在许多地区已逐渐变得罕见，非淋菌性输卵管炎的病例开始超过淋菌性输卵管炎。在许多地区，沙眼衣原体导致的病例现在比淋病奈瑟菌更多。人型支原体是女性上生殖道感染的另一种（常被忽视的）病原体。由厌氧微生物引起的盆腔炎在某些地区（如美国）似乎比其他地区（如欧洲）更常见。
