McKinney M E, Rovang K, Buell J C, Eliot R S
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1984 Sep;9(3):365-70. doi: 10.1007/BF00998979.
Impedance cardiography (ZCG), a noninvasive technique used to determine stroke volume and ventricular performance, is currently being utilized more extensively in psychophysiological research and may also prove a useful tool in the control of hypertension. To date, most studies employing ZCG have tested male subjects or patients. However, women and men differ on two important parameters used to calculate stroke volume: thoracic impedance (Zo), and the first derivative of change in impedance over time (dZ/dtmin). Examination of the clinical records of 19 females and 19 males, all nonmedicated, indicated that women had higher Zo levels (F(1,36) = 46.2, p less than .0001) and higher dZ/dtmin levels (F(1,36) = 51.8, p less than .0001), although calculated stroke volume indexes did not differ. A second sample of 10 women and 8 men, all healthy and nonmedicated, confirmed these findings. The differences in Zo are not due entirely to sex differences in height, weight, percent body fat, and subscapula skin-fold thickness, although these factors differ across sexes. It is important for researchers and clinicians utilizing ZCG with female subjects to be aware of these differences.
阻抗心动描记术（ZCG）是一种用于测定每搏输出量和心室功能的无创技术，目前在心理生理学研究中得到了更广泛的应用，并且在高血压控制方面也可能被证明是一种有用的工具。迄今为止，大多数采用ZCG的研究都测试了男性受试者或患者。然而，在用于计算每搏输出量的两个重要参数上，女性和男性存在差异：胸阻抗（Zo）以及阻抗随时间变化的一阶导数（dZ/dtmin）。对19名女性和19名男性（均未用药）的临床记录进行检查表明，尽管计算出的每搏输出量指数没有差异，但女性的Zo水平更高（F(1,36) = 46.2，p < .0001），dZ/dtmin水平也更高（F(1,36) = 51.8，p < .0001）。对10名女性和8名男性（均健康且未用药）的第二个样本的研究证实了这些发现。Zo的差异并不完全归因于身高、体重、体脂百分比和肩胛下皮褶厚度的性别差异，尽管这些因素在不同性别之间存在差异。对于在女性受试者中使用ZCG的研究人员和临床医生来说，了解这些差异很重要。
