Tan E C, Tung K H, Low C O, Foong W C, Foo K T
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1984 Oct;13(4):616-9.
A series of 178 urinary stones is analysed qualitatively during a three year period from 1980 to 1982. The majority (96%) of stones orginate from the upper tract. Calcium oxalate stones are the commonest entity seen in the western countries but less than 20% of such stones occur locally. A large proportion consists of mixed stones and one third are infective as triple phosphate is present. 20% contain urate as a constituent whereas relatively pure urate stones constitute 4%. The true incidence of pure urate stones is higher (about 10%) as we have been dissolving them with alkalinisation of urine without surgery. Idiopathic hypercalciura occurs in 11.8% and none has persistent hypercalcaemia. Hyperuricosuria which is commoner, occurs in 24% of patients. It is important to identify this group as it results in the formation of metabolically active stones, and they can be treated with allopurinol to prevent recurrence of stones.
在1980年至1982年的三年期间，对178例尿结石进行了定性分析。大多数（96%）结石起源于上尿路。草酸钙结石是西方国家最常见的类型，但此类结石在当地的发生率不到20%。很大一部分是混合性结石，三分之一因存在磷酸三钙而具有感染性。20%的结石含有尿酸盐作为成分，而相对纯的尿酸盐结石占4%。纯尿酸盐结石的实际发生率更高（约10%），因为我们一直在通过尿液碱化而非手术来溶解它们。特发性高钙尿症的发生率为11.8%，且无一例有持续性高钙血症。更为常见的高尿酸尿症发生在24%的患者中。识别出这一群体很重要，因为它会导致形成具有代谢活性的结石，并且可以用别嘌醇进行治疗以预防结石复发。
