Wijayasinghe M S, Smith N E, Baldwin R L
J Dairy Sci. 1984 Dec;67(12):2949-56. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81658-6.
The influence of age, carbohydrate-fat ratios of milk replacers, and development of ruminal function on growth, health, and blood glucose concentrations were evaluated in calves. Colostrum-fed, 3-day-old Holstein bull calves were fed to 12 wk on one of three dietary treatments: 1) a high carbohydrate, low fat (60.5% glucose, 9.5% lactose, and 3% lard) milk replacer; 2) a low carbohydrate, high fat (23% glucose, 12.5% lactose, and 30% lard) milk replacer; and 3) weaning at 6 wk of age from high-fat replacer to a standard calf starter. The high fat milk replacer was superior to low fat milk replacer for total weight gains and efficiency of feed conversion. Rates of weight gain of starter calves were similar to those of calves fed low fat. Calves fed the diet with low fat had a high incidence of diarrhea, an occasional outbreak of a yeast-related ethanol intoxication syndrome, and high concentrations of glucose in urine. Irrespective of milk replacer composition or development of ruminal function, plasma and whole blood glucose concentrations declined rapidly in the first 6 wk. Corpuscular glucose declined steadily with age in all calves. This age-related decrease of blood glucose concentration of calves seems to be a constitutive phenomenon.
在犊牛中评估了年龄、代乳品的碳水化合物-脂肪比例以及瘤胃功能发育对生长、健康和血糖浓度的影响。给初乳喂养的3日龄荷斯坦公牛犊牛采用三种日粮处理之一喂养至12周龄：1）高碳水化合物、低脂肪（60.5%葡萄糖、9.5%乳糖和3%猪油）代乳品；2）低碳水化合物、高脂肪（23%葡萄糖、12.5%乳糖和30%猪油）代乳品；3）6周龄时从高脂肪代乳品断奶，改为标准犊牛开食料。高脂肪代乳品在总增重和饲料转化率方面优于低脂肪代乳品。开食犊牛的增重速率与喂食低脂肪代乳品的犊牛相似。喂食低脂肪日粮的犊牛腹泻发生率高，偶尔会爆发与酵母相关的乙醇中毒综合征，且尿中葡萄糖浓度高。无论代乳品成分或瘤胃功能发育情况如何，血浆和全血葡萄糖浓度在最初6周内迅速下降。所有犊牛的红细胞葡萄糖随年龄稳步下降。犊牛血糖浓度的这种与年龄相关的下降似乎是一种固有现象。
