Inoue T, Ikeda M, Ogata M, Saito K, Sakurai H, Takeuchi Y, Hara I, Matsushita T, Hisanaga N, Ono Y
Sangyo Igaku. 1984 Nov;26(6):518-38. doi: 10.1539/joh1959.26.518.
A total of 1,179 organic solvent products used as thinners, paint, degreasers, inks, adhesive and others, were collected nationwide from factories of various sizes and kinds in Japan, and analyzed by gas chromatography. Solvent components per sample, frequency of each solvent component, and contents of each component were analyzed and classified by use. Paints, inks, and adhesives which contained nonvolatile substances were analyzed by head space techniques. Seventy-seven percent of all samples, 93% of paints, 85% of thinners, 73% of adhesives, and 52% of degreasers contained mixed organic solvents. The average numbers of solvent components per sample were 4.14 (max. 13) in thinner, 3.29 (max. 7) in paint, 2.23 (max. 5) ink, 2.19 (max. 6) in adhesive, 1.71 (max. 6) in degreaser, when gasoline was excluded. Toluene, xylene, methylalcohol, isopropylalcohol, ethylacetate, methylethylketone, industrial gasoline were widely used in the above-mentioned products. Toluene was the most popular component in the solvent products, excluding degreasers. Many kinds of solvent components were used in thinner and paint. However, toluene, xylene and industrial gasoline were their main components and contents per sample were very high. Acetates, alcohols, ketones and glycols were frequently detected in solvent products, but their contents per sample were relatively low, because these solvent components were usually used as subordinate solvents. The chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and industrial gasoline were the most popular components in degreasers. 1,4-dioxane was detected in a relatively large number of the samples, but its content per sample was very low, because it is usually used as an additive to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Toluene was the most popular component in ink solvents, too. In addition, isopropylacohol, methylalcohol, methylethylketone were frequently detected in inks. Toluene was also the most popular component in adhesives, and n-hexane was also frequently detected in them. In order to prevent poisoning by industrial solvents, special attention should be paid to toluene and xylene, which are frequently and largely used for wide purposes, trichloroethylene which is largely used as a degreaser and has a severe toxicity, n-hexane which is frequently used in adhesives and has a high volatility and severe neurotoxicity, and other popular and toxic solvents. The severely toxic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and carbon disulfide were detected in few samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
从日本各类规模的工厂中收集了总共1179种用作稀释剂、涂料、脱脂剂、油墨、粘合剂等的有机溶剂产品，并通过气相色谱法进行分析。对每个样品的溶剂成分、各溶剂成分的出现频率以及各成分的含量按用途进行分析和分类。对含有不挥发物质的涂料、油墨和粘合剂采用顶空技术进行分析。所有样品的77%、涂料的93%、稀释剂的85%、粘合剂的73%和脱脂剂的52%含有混合有机溶剂。排除汽油后，每个样品中溶剂成分的平均数在稀释剂中为4.14（最多13种），在涂料中为3.29（最多7种），在油墨中为2.23（最多5种），在粘合剂中为2.19（最多6种），在脱脂剂中为1.71（最多6种）。甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、甲乙酮、工业汽油在上述产品中广泛使用。除脱脂剂外，甲苯是溶剂产品中最常见的成分。稀释剂和涂料中使用了多种溶剂成分。然而，甲苯、二甲苯和工业汽油是其主要成分，每个样品中的含量非常高。醋酸酯、醇、酮和二醇在溶剂产品中经常被检测到，但每个样品中的含量相对较低，因为这些溶剂成分通常用作辅助溶剂。三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯和1,1,1-三氯乙烷等氯代烃以及工业汽油是脱脂剂中最常见的成分。在相当数量的样品中检测到了1,4-二氧六环，但其每个样品中的含量非常低，因为它通常用作1,1,1-三氯乙烷的添加剂。甲苯也是油墨溶剂中最常见的成分。此外，异丙醇、甲醇、甲乙酮在油墨中也经常被检测到。甲苯也是粘合剂中最常见的成分，正己烷在粘合剂中也经常被检测到。为防止工业溶剂中毒，应特别注意甲苯和二甲苯，它们用途广泛且使用频繁；三氯乙烯大量用作脱脂剂且毒性严重；正己烷常用于粘合剂且挥发性高、神经毒性严重；以及其他常见且有毒的溶剂。苯、氯仿、四氯化碳、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷和二硫化碳等剧毒溶剂在少数样品中被检测到。（摘要截断于250字）
