Hejłasz Z, Nicpoń J
Pol Arch Weter. 1984;24(2):229-37.
By the method of Astrup were determined: pH of the blood, HCO3, act. pCO2, PO2, BB, BE, SO2, in a flame photometer: the concentration of Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, erythrocyte indices by the methods commonly used. Calves from cows fed with balanced feeds were born in a state of breathing acidosis at blood pH about 7.30 and at 26 mEq of bicarbonates concentration. Calves from cows fed with ensilages were born in a state of metabolic acidosis with blood pH 7.14 and HCO-3 act. - 14 mEq. Feeding with beestings alkalized the blood, increasing its pH from 0.06 to 0.11 and the concentration of bicarbonates which are the main regulators of acid-basic equilibrium in newborn calves. The concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorides and protein increased slightly despite a distinct hydration of the blood. Administration of a milk-substitute aggravated acidification of the organism and caused passing of physiological breathing acidosis to the state of metabolic acidosis. On using the milk-substitute, hydration of the blood occurred and the level of the other parameters determined decreased. Milk-substitutes should not be given calves in their early period of life.
血液pH值、碳酸氢根（HCO₃）、实际二氧化碳分压（act. pCO₂）、氧分压（PO₂）、缓冲碱（BB）、碱剩余（BE）、血氧饱和度（SO₂）；用火焰光度计测定了钠离子（Na⁺）、钾离子（K⁺）、钙离子（Ca²⁺）、镁离子（Mg²⁺）的浓度，以及采用常用方法测定的红细胞指数。喂食均衡饲料的母牛所产犊牛出生时处于呼吸性酸中毒状态，血液pH值约为7.30，碳酸氢盐浓度为26毫当量。喂食青贮饲料的母牛所产犊牛出生时处于代谢性酸中毒状态，血液pH值为7.14，实际碳酸氢根（HCO₃⁻）为14毫当量。喂食初乳可使血液碱化，使其pH值升高0.06至0.11，并使碳酸氢盐浓度升高，而碳酸氢盐是新生犊牛酸碱平衡的主要调节因子。尽管血液明显水化，但钠、钾、钙、氯和蛋白质的浓度略有增加。给予代乳品会加重机体酸化，并导致生理性呼吸性酸中毒转变为代谢性酸中毒状态。使用代乳品时，会发生血液水化，所测定的其他参数水平降低。在犊牛生命早期不应给其喂食代乳品。
