Melchior H, De Geeter P, Borbe G
Urologe A. 1984 Jan;23(1):55-60.
To diagnose a vesicoureteral reflux, a new examination X-ray procedure was developed avoiding bladder catheterization: panurography. Panurography is a combination of excretion and micturition urography which for screening purposes can be performed in a single investigation without bladder catheterization. Recent advances in uroradiological imaging techniques with growing application of low-dose large-format image intensifier urography (14" image intensifier) not only reduce radiation exposure to less than 20% of that in conventional film-screen radiography, but also permit obtaining voiding cystograms which include the whole urinary tract from the kidneys to the urethra in children. Voiding conditions are improved by means of a comfortable micturition seat coupled with a uroflowmeter which automatically triggers exposures by a 10 cm-camera at preselected intervals as long as a measurable urine flow exists.
为诊断膀胱输尿管反流，研发了一种避免膀胱插管的新型X线检查方法：全尿路造影。全尿路造影是排泄性和排尿性尿路造影的结合，用于筛查时可在一次检查中完成，无需进行膀胱插管。随着低剂量大幅面影像增强器尿路造影（14英寸影像增强器）的应用日益广泛，尿路放射成像技术的最新进展不仅将辐射暴露降低至传统屏片摄影的20%以下，还能获得儿童从肾脏到尿道的整个尿路的排尿性膀胱尿道造影图像。通过配备尿流计的舒适排尿座椅改善排尿条件，只要有可测量的尿流，尿流计会在预选间隔通过10厘米摄像头自动触发曝光。
