Thelen M, Brühl P, Bücheler E, Hupe H, Gerlach F
Urologe A. 1978 May;17(3):160-4.
Transcatheter embolization of the kidneys and bladder is increasingly important. The main indication for embolization is persistent hematuria involving surgically nonaccessible renal and bladder cancer. Additional surgical management of the disease can be avoided. Another indication is the preoperative embbolization of the kidney which facilitates surgical procedure and possibly prevents tumor cell embolization in the venous circulation. The indication for embolization of bleeding bladder carcinoma is different and permanent arterial occlusion is only justified if other measurements fail.