Human in vitro fertilization and the law.

Physicians who intend to perform in vitro fertilization--or the newer alternative, in vivo fertilization and embryo transfer--should be aware of the plethora of laws that potentially cover their work. In perhaps no other area of medicine are there so many separate statutes and regulations that potentially apply. State fetal research laws, abortion statutes, human subject protection laws, and specific in vitro fertilization statutes can determine whether and how the procedure can be undertaken. When donor gametes or a surrogate carrier is used, additional laws governing artificial insemination, paternity, or adoption may come into play to determine the child's legal status and its relationship to the parties involved. This article is designed to guide physicians through the legal maze.