Nathan M, Guttman R
Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 1984;33(2):213-8. doi: 10.1017/s0001566000007248.
Resemblances on five cognitive tests were compared in fifty quartets of school children. Each quartet consisted of a twin pair (MZ or DZ) and a matched singleton pair from the same kibbutz peer group. Similarities of MZs and DZs on test scores essentially replicate those reported previously in other studies. The median correlation for singleton control pairs is 0.29, as compared with that of 0.26 reported in the Texas Adoption Study for unrelated children raised in the same home. In the two spatial tests, control pairs were as similar as the DZ pairs. This suggests a more powerful influence on shared environment in aspects of perceptual performance. A new structural analysis (POSAC) of individual profiles of test scores is presented. Comparison of space diagrams of MZ, DZ, and singleton pair profiles shows systematic differences in structure among the three groups, in accordance with the predicted levels of genetic influences. Such structural differences transcend mere differences in size of correlation, and may give more stringent evidence for the respective roles of genetics and environment.
在五十对学童中比较了五项认知测试的相似性。每一对由一对双胞胎（同卵或异卵）和来自同一个基布兹同龄群体的一对匹配的单胎组成。同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎在测试分数上的相似性基本上重复了之前其他研究中报告的结果。单胎对照对的中位数相关性为0.29，而德克萨斯收养研究中报告的在同一家庭中抚养的无血缘关系儿童的相关性为0.26。在两项空间测试中，对照对比异卵双胞胎对更相似。这表明在感知表现方面，共享环境的影响更大。本文提出了一种对测试分数个体概况的新结构分析（POSAC）。同卵双胞胎、异卵双胞胎和单胎对概况的空间图比较显示，三组之间在结构上存在系统差异，这与预测的遗传影响水平一致。这种结构差异不仅仅是相关性大小的差异，可能会为遗传和环境的各自作用提供更严格的证据。
