Hollis K L
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1984 Oct;10(4):413-25.
Signaled presentations of a rival male produce an aggressive conditional response in several species of fish. Although conditioning of such species-specific display behavior has been described previously, the biological function of this learning phenomenon has remained unknown. I present experimental evidence that signaled territorial intrusion enables a male blue gourami to defend his territory more aggressively than when the intruder is unsignaled. In Experiment 1, pairs of territorial males, with different conditioning histories, confronted one another for the first time. One member of the pair previously had received Pavlovian conditioning, whereas the other pair member had received explicitly unpaired presentations of the same signal--conditional stimulus (CS)--and rival male--unconditional stimulus (US). In the subsequent encounter, which was signaled by CS presentation, Pavlovian males delivered significantly more bites and tailbeatings than did their control group opponents. Experiment 2 relied upon a different control procedure, a US-only condition, but, again, Pavlovian males enjoyed a significant aggressive advantage. These results suggest an important ecological role for Pavlovian conditioning.
在几种鱼类中，对手雄性的信号展示会引发一种攻击性的条件反应。尽管此前已经描述过这种物种特异性展示行为的条件作用，但这种学习现象的生物学功能仍然未知。我提供了实验证据，表明有信号的领地入侵会使雄性蓝曼龙比入侵者没有信号时更积极地保卫自己的领地。在实验1中，具有不同条件作用历史的成对领地雄性首次相互对峙。其中一对中的一个成员之前接受了巴甫洛夫条件作用，而另一对成员则接受了相同信号（条件刺激，CS）和对手雄性（无条件刺激，US）的明确非配对呈现。在随后由CS呈现发出信号的遭遇中，接受巴甫洛夫条件作用的雄性比其对照组对手咬和摆尾的次数明显更多。实验2采用了不同的控制程序，即仅有无条件刺激的条件，但接受巴甫洛夫条件作用的雄性再次具有显著的攻击优势。这些结果表明巴甫洛夫条件作用具有重要的生态作用。
