Hochuli E
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1983 Feb;43(2):69-75. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1037060.
The diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence remain controversial. For the diagnosis different methods are used which yield divergent results. Only correlation of different methods and results give a satisfactory diagnosis. Stress incontinence needs individualized operations. Several operative methods are available. Unstable bladders need to be recognized prior to operation and treated conservatively. Many times a combined operative and conservative management is necessary.
尿失禁的诊断和治疗仍存在争议。诊断时会采用不同方法，这些方法会得出不同结果。只有将不同方法和结果相互关联，才能做出令人满意的诊断。压力性尿失禁需要个体化手术。有多种手术方法可供选择。不稳定膀胱在手术前需要识别并进行保守治疗。很多时候，手术与保守治疗相结合是必要的。
