Gollnick P D, Matoba H
Clin Sports Med. 1984 Jul;3(3):583-93.
Carbohydrate is an important energy source during exercise. During short, heavy exercise it may be the only energy source for the working muscle and may be derived exclusively from the glycogen stores within the muscle fibers themselves. During prolonged, submaximal exercise the magnitude of the contribution that carbohydrate makes to the total fuel consumed depends upon a number of factors, including (1) the intensity of the exercise, (2) the duration of the exercise, (3) the state or type of training that the individual has engaged in, or both, and (4) the diet previously consumed. Due to their limited storage in the body and the relative ease with which these stores can be manipulated by combinations of diet and/or training, a knowledge of the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism is an important component in the arsenal of knowledge for coaches and athletes.
碳水化合物是运动期间的重要能量来源。在短时间的剧烈运动中，它可能是工作肌肉的唯一能量来源，并且可能完全来自肌纤维本身的糖原储备。在长时间的次最大强度运动中，碳水化合物对总消耗燃料的贡献程度取决于多种因素，包括：（1）运动强度；（2）运动持续时间；（3）个体所进行的训练状态或类型，或两者皆有；以及（4）先前摄入的饮食。由于它们在体内的储存有限，并且这些储备相对容易通过饮食和/或训练的组合来调控，了解碳水化合物代谢的动态变化是教练和运动员知识宝库中的一个重要组成部分。
