Costill D L
Fed Proc. 1985 Feb;44(2):364-8.
The role of dietary carbohydrates (CHO) in the resynthesis of muscle and liver glycogen after prolonged, exhaustive exercise has been clearly demonstrated. The mechanisms responsible for optimal glycogen storage are linked to the activation of glycogen synthetase by depletion of glycogen and the subsequent intake of CHO. Although diets rich in CHO may increase the muscle glycogen stores and enhance endurance exercise performance when consumed in the days before the activity, they also increase the rate of CHO oxidation and the use of muscle glycogen. When consumed in the last hour before exercise, the insulin stimulated-uptake of glucose from blood often results in hypoglycemia, greater dependence on muscle glycogen, and an earlier onset of exhaustion than when no CHO is fed. Ingesting CHO during exercise appears to be of minimal value to performance except in events lasting 2 h or longer. The form of CHO (i.e., glucose, fructose, sucrose) ingested may produce different blood glucose and insulin responses, but the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis is about the same regardless of the structure.
长期剧烈运动后，膳食碳水化合物（CHO）在肌肉和肝糖原再合成中的作用已得到明确证实。糖原最佳储存的机制与糖原耗竭后糖原合成酶的激活以及随后CHO的摄入有关。尽管富含CHO的饮食在活动前几天食用时可能会增加肌肉糖原储备并提高耐力运动表现，但它们也会增加CHO氧化速率和肌肉糖原的利用。在运动前最后一小时食用时，胰岛素刺激的血液中葡萄糖摄取通常会导致低血糖、对肌肉糖原的更大依赖，并且比不摄入CHO时更早出现疲劳。除了持续2小时或更长时间的运动项目外，运动期间摄入CHO对运动表现的价值似乎很小。摄入的CHO形式（即葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖）可能会产生不同的血糖和胰岛素反应，但无论结构如何，肌肉糖原再合成的速率大致相同。
