Spiers F W, Lucas H F, Rundo J, Anast G A
Health Phys. 1983;44 Suppl 1:65-72. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198306001-00004.
Late biological effects of radium deposited in the human skeleton have manifested themselves unequivocally as osteogenic sarcomas or carcinomas of the mastoid air cells or paranasal sinuses. On the basis of current estimated risk factors, it might be expected that an excess of certain other malignancies could occur in a population of the size of the group exposed to radium (some 3500 cases located, which more than 2000 have measured 226Ra and 228Ra burdens), compared with the incidence in the population at large. An increased incidence of breast cancer has already been reported in female dial workers and it was related to the initial radium intake. On the other hand, very little information is available on the induction of leukaemia by alpha-radiation in human bone marrow. This paper therefore reports an investigation of the incidence of leukaemia among the radium workers. This covers a very wide range of radium burdens and has been done in the light of reasonable estimates of the mean alpha-particle dose received by the skeletal haemopoietic marrow. The number of leukaemia cases is identified and compared with (a) the expected number in a comparable population of the same size and age distribution and (b) predictions based on the risk factor proposed for protection purposes by the ICRP and on the estimated bone marrow doses.
沉积在人体骨骼中的镭的晚期生物学效应已明确表现为骨肉瘤或乳突气房或鼻窦癌。根据目前估计的风险因素，预计在接触镭的人群（约3500例已定位病例，其中2000多例已测量过镭 - 226和镭 - 228负荷）中，与总体人群的发病率相比，某些其他恶性肿瘤可能会出现过量。女性表盘工人中乳腺癌发病率的增加已有报道，且与最初的镭摄入量有关。另一方面，关于α辐射在人类骨髓中诱发白血病的信息非常少。因此，本文报告了对镭作业工人白血病发病率的调查。该调查涵盖了非常广泛的镭负荷范围，并且是根据对骨骼造血骨髓所接受的平均α粒子剂量的合理估计进行的。确定白血病病例数，并与（a）相同规模和年龄分布的可比人群中的预期病例数，以及（b）基于国际辐射防护委员会为保护目的提出的风险因素和估计的骨髓剂量所做的预测进行比较。
