Clarke A E, Ruble D N
Child Dev. 1978 Mar;49(1):231-4.
In order to explore the early socialization of attitudes and expectations about menstruation, 54 young adolescent girls (both pre- and postmenarcheal) and boys responded to a questionnaire assessing evaluative attitudes toward menstruation, expected symptomatology, perceived effects on moods and activities, and sources of information for these beliefs. The results showed that even premenarcheal girls and young boys have a reasonably well-defined and mostly negative set of attitudes and expectations. Most believed that menstruation is accompanied by physical discomforts, increased emotionality, and a disruption of activities and social interactions. Although the responses of the 3 groups were remarkably similar, premenarcheal girls had a somewhat less negative evaluation of menstruation than both postmenarcheal girls and boys. Other analysis showed that symptom expectations for "girls in general" were more severe than for selves, though these 2 sets of responses were highly correlated. On the basis of these findings and the data concerning sources of information, the possible role of socialization processes in the menstrual experience is discussed.
为了探究对月经的态度和期望的早期社会化过程，54名青春期早期女孩（月经初潮前后）和男孩回答了一份问卷，该问卷评估了对月经的评价性态度、预期症状、对情绪和活动的感知影响以及这些观念的信息来源。结果显示，即使是月经初潮前的女孩和年幼的男孩也有一套定义较为明确且大多为负面的态度和期望。大多数人认为月经伴随着身体不适、情绪波动加剧以及活动和社交互动的中断。尽管三组的回答非常相似，但月经初潮前的女孩对月经的负面评价略低于月经初潮后的女孩和男孩。其他分析表明，对“一般女孩”的症状预期比对自己的预期更严重，尽管这两组回答高度相关。基于这些发现以及有关信息来源的数据，讨论了社会化过程在月经经历中可能发挥的作用。
