Halbertsma J M
Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1983;521:1-75.
The present study gives a general description of the locomotor patterns of the intact cat. Overground and treadmill locomotion were studied by means of automatic recordings of limb movements, ground reaction forces and electromyograms. The data processing and automatic recording techniques which were used are described; one recording technique is based on a television system, another on the Selspot I system. The data were processed and analysed interactively with a computer, which allows a statistical analysis of many strides in a fast and accurate way. The amplitudes and time course of movements in different joints and different limbs were studied at different velocities of locomotion and correlated to each other and to parameters such as the onset and termination of electromyographic activity in different muscles. No element of the stride cycle was found to be constant: The amplitudes of joint angles and limb excursions as well as the durations of the different phases of the stride cycle can be adapted to maintain an appropriate coordination between the limbs. The durations of all phases of the stride cycle decrease with increasing speed of locomotion. The durations of the support and extension phases change proportionally more than of the swing and flexion phases and they all appear to be linearly related to the stride cycle duration. The relations of the flexion duration with the stride cycle duration for the different joints are usually different from each other and after a disturbance of the movements of a forelimb the duration of knee and ankle flexion of the homolateral limb can increase and the first extension phase of knee and ankle decrease, whereas they usually increase or decrease together. This further supports the hypothesis that every joint is controlled by a flexion and extension unit pattern generator. The amplitude of the joint angle excursions during the different phases of the stride cycle are better controlled than the absolute joint angles at the onset and termination of these phases. The position of the toe at touch-down was studied at different velocities of locomotion and was found to remain comparatively constant. There is a correlation between hip, knee and ankle joint angles at touch-down, which was found to be of importance for the precise positioning of the foot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
本研究对正常猫的运动模式进行了总体描述。通过对肢体运动、地面反作用力和肌电图的自动记录，研究了在地面和跑步机上的运动。文中描述了所使用的数据处理和自动记录技术；一种记录技术基于电视系统，另一种基于Selspot I系统。数据通过计算机进行交互式处理和分析，这使得能够快速、准确地对多个步幅进行统计分析。研究了在不同运动速度下不同关节和不同肢体运动的幅度和时间进程，并将它们相互关联，以及与不同肌肉肌电活动的起始和终止等参数相关联。未发现步幅周期的任何要素是恒定不变的：关节角度和肢体摆动幅度以及步幅周期不同阶段的持续时间都可以进行调整，以维持肢体间适当的协调性。步幅周期所有阶段的持续时间都随着运动速度的增加而减少。支撑和伸展阶段持续时间的变化比例比摆动和屈曲阶段更大，并且它们似乎都与步幅周期持续时间呈线性相关。不同关节的屈曲持续时间与步幅周期持续时间的关系通常彼此不同，在前肢运动受到干扰后，同侧肢体膝关节和踝关节的屈曲持续时间会增加，而膝关节和踝关节的首次伸展阶段持续时间会减少，不过它们通常会一起增加或减少。这进一步支持了以下假设，即每个关节都由一个屈曲和伸展单元模式发生器控制。与步幅周期不同阶段开始和结束时的绝对关节角度相比，关节角度摆动幅度在这些阶段能得到更好的控制。研究了在不同运动速度下触地时脚趾的位置，发现其相对保持恒定。触地时髋关节、膝关节和踝关节角度之间存在相关性，这被认为对足部的精确定位很重要。（摘要截选至400字）
