Kandel D B
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Feb;41(2):200-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790130096013.
Striking differences appeared among 1,325 young adults aged 24 to 25 years depending on their marijuana use. Differences increased with involvement, although no threshold appeared at any particular level. Marijuana users were characterized by higher use of other substances, membership in networks of marijuana users, lower participation and greater instability in conventional roles of adulthood, history of psychiatric hospitalization and lower psychological well-being, and participation in deviant activities. Involvement with marijuana-using friends and use by spouse or partner, as well as use of other illicit drugs, were important predictors of current marijuana involvement. In young adulthood, as in adolescence, marijuana use is embedded in a social context favorable to its use and is associated with disaffection from social institutions. The social and psychological correlates of marijuana use are similar in young adulthood and adolescence and have remained unchanged over the last decade.
在1325名年龄在24至25岁的年轻人中,根据他们使用大麻的情况出现了显著差异。差异随着参与程度的增加而增大,尽管在任何特定水平上都没有出现阈值。大麻使用者的特点是更多地使用其他物质、属于大麻使用者网络、在成年期的传统角色中参与度较低且稳定性较差、有精神科住院史以及心理健康水平较低,并且参与越轨活动。与使用大麻的朋友交往、配偶或伴侣使用大麻以及使用其他非法药物,都是当前大麻使用情况的重要预测因素。在成年早期,与青春期一样,大麻使用融入了有利于其使用的社会环境,并且与对社会机构的不满有关。大麻使用的社会和心理关联在成年早期和青春期相似,并且在过去十年中一直没有变化。