In conclusion, the diagnosis and management of the ureterocele, simple or ectopic, require careful and thorough preoperative evaluation, culminating in a carefully planned and precisely done operative procedure. An error of omission can be a catastrophe. The choice of surgical approach is controversial but should be one with few potential complications. An awareness and understanding of the potential complications of ureterocele surgery are mandatory and should aid in their prevention. To avoid postoperative complications related to the retained ureteral stump, for ectopic ureteroceles I prefer removal of the entire dilated upper-pole ureter and ureterocele regardless of the manner in which the upper-pole parenchyma is managed. As noted, infants and small children with large ectopic ureteroceles may be approached entirely extravesically, excising the dilated ectopic ureter to the detrusor hiatus.
总之，无论是单纯性还是异位性输尿管囊肿的诊断与处理，都需要进行仔细、全面的术前评估，最终实施精心规划且精确完成的手术操作。漏诊可能酿成大祸。手术入路的选择存在争议，但应选择潜在并发症较少的方法。必须认识并理解输尿管囊肿手术的潜在并发症，这有助于预防这些并发症。为避免与残留输尿管残端相关的术后并发症，对于异位输尿管囊肿，无论对上极实质如何处理，我都倾向于切除整个扩张的上极输尿管和输尿管囊肿。如前所述，对于患有大型异位输尿管囊肿的婴幼儿，可完全经膀胱外入路，将扩张的异位输尿管切除至逼尿肌裂孔处。
