Variance of ploidy in mitochondrial nucleus during spherulation in Physarum polycephalum.

In Physarum polycephalum, microplasmodia differentiated into spherules when cultures were aged for 8-10 days. Respiration rates of the microplasmodia decreased rapidly with ageing to a 90% decrease in oxygen consumption over 9 days. We studied this phenomena by isolating and characterizing mitochondria from microplasmodia and spherules at different stages of spherulation. Oxygen uptake by the isolated mitochondria decreased with spherulation. Morphological and biochemical analyses showed that mitochondrial differentiation to inactive state was characterized by a decrease not only in dimension but also of content (DNA, RNA and protein). Diminutive mitochondria contained small particle-shaped mitochondrial nuclei. The DNA content, measured by microscopic fluorometry, was about 1.15 and 0.58 X 10(-10) g, which corresponded to about 16 and 8 genome copies, respectively (e.g., 32 genome copies per mitochondrion at mitochondrial G1). Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the physical structure and methylation pattern of the mtDNA had not changed although the DNA content per mitochondrion had decreased remarkably with spherulation. This showed that changes in the ploidy level of the mitochondrial nucleus during spherulation were due to reduction in the number of whole mitochondrial genomes.