Brooks D E, Jacobson E R, Wolf E D, Clubb S, Gaskin J M
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983 Dec 1;183(11):1198-201.
Microbiologic and histologic studies were made of fire-bellied toads with signs of ocular and central nervous system disease. Providencia alcalifaciens, Citrobacter freundii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and other gram-negative bacilli were isolated from the eyes and multiple tissues of ill toads. The histologic evaluations revealed severe panophthalmitis and otitis interna.
对出现眼部和中枢神经系统疾病症状的东方铃蟾进行了微生物学和组织学研究。从患病蟾蜍的眼睛和多个组织中分离出了产碱普罗威登斯菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌和其他革兰氏阴性杆菌。组织学评估显示严重的全眼球炎和内耳炎。