Carr D H, Scott P C, Titchen D A
Q J Exp Physiol. 1983 Oct;68(4):661-74. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1983.sp002756.
Manometric and electromyographic recordings during eructation, swallowing and the regurgitation of rumination in sheep revealed variable oesophageal activity during eructation in contrast to the uniform pattern of oesophageal activity in swallowing and regurgitation. In eructation the passive increase in pressure of about 7-15 mmHg--the filling phase--associated with entry of gas into the oesophagus was commonly (in 96.6% of thirty eructations) terminated by contractions in the caudal thoracic oesophagus (c.t.o.). Eructation contractions were present in 73.3% of thirty eructations in a site 130 mm cranial to the c.t.o. and in 36.6% of thirty eructations in a site 260 mm cranial to the c.t.o. These contractions moved cranially at about 420 mm.s-1. In contrast during regurgitation the contractions of the oesophagus which moved cranially at about the same rate (410 mm X s-1) were characteristically more intense (47-64 mmHg) than eructation contractions (10-36 mmHg). Also in contrast to those in eructation, regurgitation contractions were invariably of each site of the oesophagus from which recordings were made. Secondary contractions of the caudal cervical and thoracic oesophagus which sometimes followed eructation were interpreted as serving as clearing contractions returning residual gas in the oesophagus to the stomach. These swept over the oesophagus at about 200 mm X s-1 and occurred without associated swallows. The variability of reactions of the oesophagus in eructation and differences in reactions of its different regions are discussed as arising from different degrees of sensitivity to, and stimulation by, gaseous distension of the oesophagus and stomach.
对绵羊嗳气、吞咽和反刍性反流过程进行测压和肌电图记录发现，与吞咽和反流时食管活动的均匀模式不同，嗳气时食管活动存在变化。在嗳气过程中，与气体进入食管相关的被动压力升高约7 - 15 mmHg（充盈期）通常（在30次嗳气中有96.6%）由胸段食管尾部（c.t.o.）的收缩终止。在c.t.o.头侧130 mm处，30次嗳气中有73.3%出现嗳气收缩；在c.t.o.头侧260 mm处，30次嗳气中有36.6%出现嗳气收缩。这些收缩以约420 mm·s-1的速度向头侧移动。相比之下，在反流过程中，食管收缩以大致相同的速度（410 mm·s-1）向头侧移动，其特征是比嗳气收缩（10 - 36 mmHg）更强（47 - 64 mmHg）。同样与嗳气不同的是，反流收缩在进行记录的食管每个部位都始终存在。尾段颈段和胸段食管有时在嗳气后出现的继发性收缩被解释为清除性收缩，将食管中的残留气体返回胃中。这些收缩以约200 mm·s-1的速度扫过食管，且不伴有吞咽动作。文中讨论了嗳气时食管反应的变异性及其不同区域反应的差异，认为这是由于食管和胃对气体扩张的不同敏感程度和刺激所致。
