Hilfer S R
Scan Electron Microsc. 1983(Pt 3):1353-69.
Vertebrate eye development begins with the formation of the optic vesicles as outgrowths of the forebrain. These initial pouches grow laterally and can be subdivided into optic stalk and optic vesicle. The axis of growth then shifts to produce optic vesicles that enlarge dorsally to lie alongside the expanding diencephalon. Concomitant invagination of the optic vesicles and the overlying ectoderm produces the optic cup and lens. During later stages, the lens detaches from the surfaces ectoderm and the optic cup forms the neural retina and the pigmented epithelium. Experimental analysis of eye development has revealed an intimate relationship between invagination of the lens and optic cup. The primordia of the lens and neural retina become adherent, as a result of changes in the extracellular matrix, before invagination commences. Interference with matrix synthesis causes abnormal development of the optic cup, and subsequent abnormalities of the lens. The forces that control invagination are under investigation. Lens formation may result from internal contractile forces as well as from forces exerted by surrounding cells. Characteristic changes in cell shape and cytoplasmic organization occur during invagination of the neural retinal primordium. These and the effects of inhibitory drugs suggest the involvement at least in part of a contractile mechanism during optic cup formation.
脊椎动物的眼睛发育始于视泡从前脑长出。这些最初的囊袋向侧面生长，并可细分为视柄和视泡。然后生长轴发生转变，产生背侧扩大的视泡，与不断扩展的间脑并列。视泡和覆盖其上的外胚层同时内陷，形成视杯和晶状体。在后期，晶状体与表面外胚层分离，视杯形成神经视网膜和色素上皮。眼睛发育的实验分析揭示了晶状体和视杯内陷之间的密切关系。在开始内陷之前，由于细胞外基质的变化，晶状体和神经视网膜的原基变得粘连。干扰基质合成会导致视杯发育异常，随后晶状体也出现异常。控制内陷的力量正在研究中。晶状体的形成可能是由内部收缩力以及周围细胞施加的力共同作用的结果。在神经视网膜原基内陷过程中，细胞形状和细胞质组织会发生特征性变化。这些变化以及抑制药物的作用表明，在视杯形成过程中至少部分涉及一种收缩机制。
