Panigrahy B, Clark F D, Hall C F
Avian Dis. 1983 Oct-Dec;27(4):1166-8.
Mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in five psittacine birds: a blue-headed pionus parrot (Pionus menstruus), three grey-cheeked parakeets (Brotogeris pyrrhopterus), and a red-crowned Amazon parrot (Amazona dufresniana rhodocorytha). Signs were marked muscular wasting, anemia, recurrent diarrhea, and dulling or loss of feathers. Lesions were commonly present in the intestines, livers, and spleens, suggesting an oral route of infection. Other tissues in which granulomas were found were the oropharynx, pancreas, and kidneys. The pionus parrot had pulmonary tuberculosis involving both lungs and air sacs. One grey-cheeked parakeet exhibited no gross tubercular lesions. Microscopic lesions varied from noncaseous histiocytic foci to granulomatous "tubercles" with caseous necrosis.
一只蓝头派翁尼斯鹦鹉（Pionus menstruus）、三只灰颊鹦鹉（Brotogeris pyrrhopterus）和一只红冠亚马逊鹦鹉（Amazona dufresniana rhodocorytha）。症状包括明显的肌肉消瘦、贫血、反复腹泻以及羽毛暗淡或脱落。病变通常出现在肠道、肝脏和脾脏，提示感染途径为经口感染。发现肉芽肿的其他组织有口咽、胰腺和肾脏。派翁尼斯鹦鹉患有累及双肺和气囊的肺结核。一只灰颊鹦鹉未表现出明显的结核病变。微观病变从非干酪性组织细胞灶到伴有干酪样坏死的肉芽肿性“结核结节”不等。
