Folinsbee L J, Wallace E S, Bedi J F, Horvath S M
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1983;15(6):503-9.
We investigated the breath-by-breath pattern of ventilatory response to bicycle exercise in seven elite male cyclists (VO2max = 71.7 ml X min-1 X kg-1) and ten sedentary males (VO2max = 47.3 ml X min-1 X kg-1) to analyze differences in breathing patterns between individuals with normal and high exercise ventilations (VE). The mean VEmax of the athletes (ATH) exceeded that of the sedentary subjects (SED) by 34.6% (183 vs 136 l X min-1) and was proportional to the difference in VCO2max between the groups (5.9 vs 4.23 l X min-1). The ATH used an average of 89% of their 15-s maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) during maximum exercise while SED used only 71%. The ATH had slightly, but not significantly, larger vital capacity (FVC). Both groups used about half of their FVC at maximum tidal volume (VT), VT was 47% and 49% of FVC in ATH and SED, respectively. The ATH achieved the higher VEmax by achieving a greater increase in respiratory frequency (63/min vs 49/min), which was accomplished by significant decreases in both inspiratory (T1) and, more importantly, expiratory (TE) time. There was a tendency for athletes to have a somewhat more regular breathing pattern. Both 1/T1 and mean inspiratory flow (VT/T1) were highly correlated with VE, but there were no differences in these relationships between ATH and SED. Highly-conditioned athletes, therefore, respond to the increased demand for CO2 elimination by utilizing a higher respiratory frequency achieved through a reduction of both inspiratory and expiratory duration, but not by utilizing a larger tidal volume (i.e., as percent FVC) than less fit individuals.
我们研究了7名精英男性自行车运动员（最大摄氧量(VO_2max = 71.7 ml \times min^{-1} \times kg^{-1})）和10名久坐男性（最大摄氧量(VO_2max = 47.3 ml \times min^{-1} \times kg^{-1})）对骑自行车运动的逐次呼吸通气反应模式，以分析正常运动通气量（(VE)）和高运动通气量个体之间呼吸模式的差异。运动员（(ATH)）的平均最大通气量（(VEmax)）比久坐受试者（(SED)）高34.6%（183对136 l \times min^{-1}），且与两组之间的最大二氧化碳排出量（(VCO_2max)）差异（5.9对4.23 l \times min^{-1}）成比例。在最大运动期间，运动员平均使用其15秒最大自主通气量（(MVV)）的89%，而久坐者仅使用71%。运动员的肺活量（(FVC)）略大，但无显著差异。两组在最大潮气量（(VT)）时均使用约一半的肺活量，运动员和久坐者的(VT)分别为(FVC)的47%和49%。运动员通过实现更高的呼吸频率（63次/分钟对49次/分钟）达到更高的(VEmax)，这是通过吸气时间（(T1)），更重要的是呼气时间（(TE)）的显著缩短来实现的。运动员的呼吸模式有更规律的趋势。(1/T1)和平均吸气流量（(VT/T1)）均与(VE)高度相关，但运动员和久坐者在这些关系上没有差异。因此，训练有素的运动员通过利用更高的呼吸频率来应对增加的二氧化碳排出需求，这种更高的呼吸频率是通过缩短吸气和呼气持续时间来实现的，而不是通过比身体状况较差的个体使用更大的潮气量（即占(FVC)的百分比）来实现。
