Chahwala S B, Harpur E S
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1983 Nov;53(5):358-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1983.tb03435.x.
A study was made of the effects of gentamicin (40 mg/kg/day for 7 days) on the excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the urine of rats. Volume of urine, protein excretion and the urinary activities of the enzymes alanine aminopeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were also monitored. There were no significant changes in the excretion of sodium or potassium and the excretion of magnesium was too variable to permit a meaningful interpretation of changes in its excretion. Significant changes occurred in the excretion of calcium and protein and in the 24 hr urine osmolarity. The earliest of these changes, on day 4, was an increase in calcium excretion (P less than 0.01) which progressed until the drug was stopped and persisted throughout the 5 follow-up days. The increase in protein excretion was significant (P less than 0.01) by day 5 and the decrease in osmolarity (P less than 0.01) by day 6. These changes were preceded, on day 1, by a significant (P less than 0.001) rise in the activities in urine of all three enzymes. This early enzymuria suggests that considerable perturbation of cell integrity occurred before the increase in calcium excretion. Further studies are required to elucidate what role, if any, the loss of calcium plays in the genesis of tubular cell injury.
研究了庆大霉素（40毫克/千克/天，持续7天）对大鼠尿液中钠、钾、钙和镁排泄的影响。还监测了尿量、蛋白质排泄以及丙氨酸氨基肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶和N - 乙酰 - β - 葡糖胺酶的尿活性。钠或钾的排泄没有显著变化，镁的排泄变化太大，无法对其排泄变化进行有意义的解释。钙和蛋白质的排泄以及24小时尿渗透压发生了显著变化。这些变化中最早出现的是在第4天钙排泄增加（P<0.01），这种增加一直持续到停药，并在整个5天的随访期内持续存在。到第5天蛋白质排泄显著增加（P<0.01），到第6天渗透压降低（P<0.01）。在第1天，这三种酶的尿活性均显著升高（P<0.001），早于这些变化。这种早期的酶尿表明在钙排泄增加之前细胞完整性就已受到相当大的干扰。需要进一步研究以阐明钙的流失在肾小管细胞损伤发生过程中所起的作用（如果有的话）。
