Karpuch J, Goldberg M, Kohelet D
Isr J Med Sci. 1983 Nov;19(11):963-6.
During the 4-year period 1978-81, 14,527 neonates were born at Assaf Harofeh Hospital, including 793 (5.5%) premature infants. During the same period, 41 bacteremias were recorded, making an overall incidence rate of 2.8/1,000 live births. Thirty of the 41 bloodstream infections occurred in premature infants (incidence rate 38/1,000) and 11 in full-term infants (incidence rate 0.8/1,000). The overall case fatality rate was 19.5%, and in the premature group it was 26.7%. Aside from prematurity, the most common underlying conditions were respiratory distress syndrome and prolonged rupture of membranes. Premature infants were at much greater risk of becoming bacteremic (relative risk 47) than were full-term infants. The risk increased with a decrease in the weight of the infants. Of 43 pathogens, 31 were gram-negative (72.3%), and 11 were gram-positive (25.4%). The most common of the gram-negative pathogens belonged to the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group--19 of 43 (44.2%). Among the gram-positive pathogens, Enterococcus was most common--4 of 43 (9.3%). No increased incidence of Group B Streptococcus infections was noted. The Klebsiella-Enterobacter group had by far the highest incidence in our hospital, and the bacteremia caused by these pathogens was nosocomial in nature in all but one case.
在1978 - 1981年的4年期间，阿萨夫·哈罗费医院共出生14527名新生儿，其中包括793名（5.5%）早产儿。同一时期，记录到41例菌血症，活产儿的总发病率为2.8/1000。41例血流感染中有30例发生在早产儿中（发病率为38/1000），11例发生在足月儿中（发病率为0.8/1000）。总病死率为19.5%，早产儿组为26.7%。除早产外，最常见的基础疾病是呼吸窘迫综合征和胎膜早破。早产儿发生菌血症的风险（相对风险47）比足月儿高得多。风险随着婴儿体重的降低而增加。43种病原体中，31种为革兰阴性菌（72.3%），11种为革兰阳性菌（25.4%）。革兰阴性病原体中最常见的属于克雷伯菌 - 肠杆菌属——43种中有19种（44.2%）。在革兰阳性病原体中，肠球菌最常见——43种中有4种（9.3%）。未发现B族链球菌感染发病率增加。克雷伯菌 - 肠杆菌属在我院的发病率迄今为止最高，除1例病例外，这些病原体引起的菌血症本质上都是医院感染。
