Drescher H E, Welsch U
Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch. 1983;97(5):863-72.
The parabronchi of the Adelie penguin are endowed with wide atria forming pockets between a loose meshwork of bundles of smooth muscle cells lining the parabronchial lumen. The atrial epithelium is of variable thickness and bears numerous microvilli, which are overlain by/or embedded in sheets or whorls of lamellar material ("trilaminar substance", diameter of one lamella 8 ..10 nm) forming layers of very variable thickness. The cells contain either stacks or whorls of this material or roundish lamellated bodies, and are interconnected by desmosomal contacts as well as what presumably represent tight junctions. Underneath the epithelium and within the bundles of muscle cells regularly nerve fibres have been found. The diameter of the morphological air/blood barrier is about 165...210 nm in thin areas, excluding a 12...20 nm thick layer covering the luminal plasma membrane of the air capillary epithelium. The blood capillary endothelium ordinarily is markedly thicker (40...250 nm) than the air capillary epithelium (17...25 nm). The basal lamina between endo- and epithelium is a uniform structure measuring about 95...105 nm. The endothelial cells are interconnected by desmosomal and probably tight junctions.
阿德利企鹅的平行支气管具有宽阔的心房，在平行支气管腔内衬的平滑肌细胞束疏松网络之间形成袋状结构。心房上皮厚度不一，有许多微绒毛，微绒毛被片状或螺旋状的层状物质（“三层物质”，一层的直径为8..10纳米）覆盖或嵌入其中，形成厚度变化很大的层。细胞含有这种物质的堆叠或螺旋结构或圆形层状小体，并通过桥粒连接以及可能代表紧密连接的结构相互连接。在上皮下方和肌肉细胞束内经常发现神经纤维。在薄的区域，形态学上的气/血屏障直径约为165...210纳米，不包括覆盖空气毛细血管上皮腔面膜的12...20纳米厚的层。血毛细血管内皮通常比空气毛细血管上皮（17...25纳米）厚得多（40...250纳米）。内皮和上皮之间的基膜是一种均匀结构，约95...105纳米。内皮细胞通过桥粒连接以及可能的紧密连接相互连接。
