The transcription map of mouse mitochondrial DNA.

Nine transcripts complementary to mouse L cell mitochondrial DNA have been detected, sized and mapped to restriction fragments using the method of Berk and Sharp (1977). RNA isolated from L cell mitochondria was hybridized to 32P-labeled, cloned L cell mitochondrial DNA restriction fragments in 70% formamide under conditions 5 degrees C above the melting temperature of the DNA-DNA duplex, but approximately 15 degrees C below the melting temperature of the RNA-DNA duplex. The heteroduplexed material was then treated with the single-strand-specific nuclease S1, whick cleaves the single-stranded DNA not protected by RNA-DNA duplex formation into oligonucleotides and leaves intact 32P-labeled, single-stranded DNA replicas complementary to the transcripts. The single-stranded DNA replicas were then resolved and sized by alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Hybridization to strand-separated, 32P-labeled L cell mitochondria DNA restriction fragments under the same conditions showed that all nine transcripts hybridized exclusively to the heavy strand (H strand) of restriction fragments isolated as the dense strand from alkaline CsCl gradients, indicating that all stable transcripts 300 bases or longer detected by this technique originate from genes on the H strand. The two most abundant transcripts homologous to mitochondrial DNA map adjacent to the origin of replication. This result is consistent with map positions assigned to the large and small mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs isolated from Xenopus laevis and HeLa cells. Six of the other seven transcripts map continuously in approximately 40% of the genome. Only one transcript of 950 bases maps in the first quadrant of the genome as defined by the origin and direction of mitochondrial DNA replication, and it does not lie within the D loop region. The genetic function of the remaining 75% of this region of the genome is yet to be determined.