Ward C D, Duvoisin R C, Ince S E, Nutt J D, Eldridge R, Calne D B
Neurology. 1983 Jul;33(7):815-24. doi: 10.1212/wnl.33.7.815.
Among 43 monozygotic (MZ) and 19 dizygotic (DZ) pairs in which an index case had definite Parkinson's disease (PD), only one MZ pair was definitely concordant for PD. When pairs with questionable clinical features were included, 4 of 48 MZ and 1 of 19 DZ pairs were concordant. The frequency of PD in MZ cotwins of index cases with PD was similar to that expected in an unrelated control group matched for age and sex. Although we were unable to identify a single environmental agent, we conclude that the major factors in the etiology of PD are nongenetic.
在43对单卵双胞胎（MZ）和19对双卵双胞胎（DZ）中，其中一个索引病例患有明确的帕金森病（PD），只有一对MZ双胞胎确实患了帕金森病。当纳入具有可疑临床特征的双胞胎对时，48对MZ中有4对、19对DZ中有1对患了帕金森病。患有帕金森病的索引病例的MZ双胞胎中帕金森病的发病率与年龄和性别匹配的无关对照组中预期的发病率相似。尽管我们无法确定单一的环境因素，但我们得出结论，帕金森病病因中的主要因素是非遗传因素。
