Kunz Y W, Ennis S
Cell Differ. 1983 Oct;13(2):115-23. doi: 10.1016/0045-6039(83)90103-3.
All diurnal changes studied - ellipsosome excepted - start at midgestation, following differentiation of photoreceptors and pigment-epithelium cells. These are: (1) shedding of the tips of the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segments and subsequent phagocytosis by the pigment-epithelium; (2) retinomotor movements of pigment-epithelium processes, rods and cones; (3) changes of cone square-mosaics into row-mosaics at night. Newly-differentiated photoreceptors in the embryo are, therefore, already vulnerable to disruption of cyclical systems. Several inherited human retinal diseases, such as Retinitis pigmentosa, are thought not to affect differentiation of photoreceptors but their cyclical renewal pathways. The retina of the guppy-embryo is, therefore, a valuable model for such studies.
除椭圆体之外，所有所研究的昼夜变化均始于妊娠中期，发生在光感受器和色素上皮细胞分化之后。这些变化包括：（1）感光光感受器外段尖端的脱落以及随后被色素上皮细胞吞噬；（2）色素上皮细胞突起、视杆细胞和视锥细胞的视网膜运动；（3）夜间视锥细胞的方形镶嵌变为行镶嵌。因此，胚胎中新分化的光感受器已经容易受到周期性系统破坏的影响。几种遗传性人类视网膜疾病，如色素性视网膜炎，被认为不会影响光感受器的分化，而是影响其周期性更新途径。因此，孔雀鱼胚胎的视网膜是此类研究的宝贵模型。
